Royal C. Gardner

Stetson University - Institute for Biodiversity Law and Policy

Professor of Law and Director

1401 61st Street South

Gulfport, FL 33707-3299

United States

  • Stetson University - Institute for Biodiversity Law and Policy

SCHOLARLY PAPERS

20

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SSRN CITATIONS
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8

CROSSREF CITATIONS

7

Scholarly Papers (20)

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1.

State of the World's Wetlands and Their Services to People: A Compilation of Recent Analyses

Ramsar Briefing Note No. 7. Gland, Switzerland: Ramsar Convention Secretariat, 2015
Number of pages: 21 Posted: 05 Apr 2015
Royal C. Gardner, Stefano Barchiesi, Coralie Beltrame, C. Finlayson, Thomas Galewski, Ian Harrison, Marc Paganini, Christian Perennou, Dave Pritchard, Ake Rosenqvist and Matt Walpole
Stetson University - Institute for Biodiversity Law and Policy, International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN), Mediterranean Wetlands Observatory, Charles Sturt University, Mediterranean Wetlands Observatory, Conservation International, European Space Agency, Mediterranean Wetlands Observatory, DEP Consultants, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA) and United Nations - Environment Programme (UNEP)
Downloads 1,149 (25,665)
Citation 60

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wetlands, ecosystem services, Ramsar Convention

2.

Global Wetland Outlook: State of the World’s Wetlands and Their Services to People

Ramsar Convention Secretariat, 2018, Stetson University College of Law Research Paper No. 2020-5
Number of pages: 89 Posted: 09 Jun 2020 Last Revised: 23 Oct 2020
Royal C. Gardner and C. Finlayson
Stetson University - Institute for Biodiversity Law and Policy and Charles Sturt University
Downloads 781 (44,257)

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Wetlands, Ramsar Convention, Sustainable Development, Wise Use

3.

The Legal Status of Environmental Credit Stacking

Ecology Law Quarterly, Vol. 40, No. 4, 2013, Stetson University College of Law Research Paper No. 2014-2
Number of pages: 46 Posted: 07 Jan 2014 Last Revised: 05 Mar 2014
Royal C. Gardner and Jessica Fox
Stetson University - Institute for Biodiversity Law and Policy and Electric Power Research Institute
Downloads 613 (60,604)

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environmental markets, credit stacking, unbundling, wetlands, mitigation banking, endangered species, conservation banking, water quality trading, carbon offsets, ecosystem services

4.

The Ramsar Convention on Wetlands: Assessment of International Designations Within the United States

Downloads 399 (102,005)
Citation 3

The Ramsar Convention on Wetlands: Assessment of International Designations Within the United States

37 Enviromental Law Review 1089 (2007)
Number of pages: 25 Posted: 30 May 2012
Royal C. Gardner and Kim Diana Connolly
Stetson University - Institute for Biodiversity Law and Policy and SUNY Buffalo Law School
Downloads 195 (211,549)
Citation 1

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Ramsar Convention, U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, wetlands of international importance, wetlands, U.S. Ramsar National Committee

The Ramsar Convention on Wetlands: Assessment of International Designations within the United States

Environmental Law Review, Vol. 37, 2007
Number of pages: 25 Posted: 05 May 2008 Last Revised: 19 Mar 2014
Royal C. Gardner and Kim Diana Connolly
Stetson University - Institute for Biodiversity Law and Policy and SUNY Buffalo Law School
Downloads 159 (252,511)
Citation 1

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wetlands, Ramsar Convention, Wetlands of International Importance, Ramsar sites, U.S. National Ramsar Committee

The Ramsar Convention on Wetlands: Assessment of International Designations Within the United States

National Wetlands Newsletter, March-April 2007
Number of pages: 5 Posted: 03 Aug 2010
Royal C. Gardner and Kim Diana Connolly
Stetson University - Institute for Biodiversity Law and Policy and SUNY Buffalo Law School
Downloads 45 (546,897)

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Ramsar Convention, Wetlands of International Importance, U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, wetlands, U.S. Ramsar National Committee

5.

Compensating for Wetland Losses Under the Clean Water Act (Redux): Evaluating the Federal Compensatory Mitigation Regulation

Stetson Law Review, Vol. 38, No. 2, 2009, Stetson University College of Law Research Paper No. 2009-24
Number of pages: 38 Posted: 09 Jul 2009 Last Revised: 28 Oct 2013
Royal C. Gardner, Joy Zedler, Ann Redmond, R. Eugene Turner, Carol A. Johnston, Victoria R. Alvarez, Charles A. Simenstad, Karen Prestegaard and William J. Mitsch
Stetson University - Institute for Biodiversity Law and Policy, University of Wisconsin - Madison, ENTRIX, Inc., Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, South Dakota State University, affiliation not provided to SSRN, University of Washington, University of Maryland and Ohio State University (OSU)
Downloads 378 (108,514)

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Clean Water Act, wetlands, wetland mitigation, mitigation bank, in-lieu fee mitigation, National Research Council

6.

What Happens When a Wetland Mitigation Bank Goes Bankrupt?

Environmental Law Reporter, Vol. 35, 2005
Number of pages: 15 Posted: 05 May 2008
Royal C. Gardner and Theresa J. Pulley Radwan
Stetson University - Institute for Biodiversity Law and Policy and Stetson University College of Law
Downloads 271 (154,644)

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wetland mitigation bank, banruptcy, government agencies

7.

Bibliography of 2015 Scientific Publications on the Ramsar Convention or Ramsar Sites

Number of pages: 56 Posted: 26 Aug 2015 Last Revised: 01 Nov 2017
Erin Okuno, Royal C. Gardner, Jess Beaulieu and Miles Archabal
University of Miami School of Law, Stetson University - Institute for Biodiversity Law and Policy, Stetson University and Stetson University - College of Law
Downloads 214 (194,287)

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Ramsar Convention, wetlands, Ramsar Sites

8.

Rehabilitating Nature: A Comparative Review of Legal Mechanisms that Encourage Wetland Restoration Efforts

Catholic University Law Review, Vol. 52, p. 573, 2003
Number of pages: 48 Posted: 07 May 2008 Last Revised: 08 Nov 2009
Royal C. Gardner
Stetson University - Institute for Biodiversity Law and Policy
Downloads 212 (196,026)
Citation 1

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wetlands, wetland restoration, economic incentives, international law, Ramsar Convention, Wetlands Reserve Program, Clean Water Act, mitigation banking

9.

Corporate Shell Games: LLPs, LLCs, and Responsibility for Mitigation Sites

Stetson University College of Law Research Paper No. 2009-31, National Wetlands Newsletter, Vol. 31, No. 6, November-December 2009
Number of pages: 7 Posted: 03 Nov 2009
Royal C. Gardner and Theresa J. Pulley Radwan
Stetson University - Institute for Biodiversity Law and Policy and Stetson University College of Law
Downloads 185 (221,683)

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wetland, wetland mitigation, mitigation bank, Clean Water Act, business entities, LLC, LLP

10.

African Wetlands of International Importance: Assessment of Benefits Associated with Designations under the Ramsar Convention

Georgetown International Environmental Law Review (GIELR), Vol. 21, No. 2, 2009, Stetson University College of Law Research Paper No. 2009-23
Number of pages: 40 Posted: 10 Jul 2009 Last Revised: 26 Jul 2016
Royal C. Gardner, Kim Diana Connolly and Abou Bamba
Stetson University - Institute for Biodiversity Law and Policy, SUNY Buffalo Law School and Independent
Downloads 156 (256,043)
Citation 1

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Ramsar Convention, wetlands, Africa

11.

Banking on Entrepreneurs: Wetlands, Mitigation Banking, and Takings

Iowa Law Review, Vol. 81, p. 527, 1996
Number of pages: 61 Posted: 08 May 2008
Royal C. Gardner
Stetson University - Institute for Biodiversity Law and Policy
Downloads 146 (270,109)

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wetlands, mitigation banking, wetlands mitigation banking, takings, private property rights movement

12.

Introduction – Lawyers, Swamps, and Money: U.S. Wetland Law, Policy and Politics

Royal C. Gardner, LAWYERS, SWAMPS, AND MONEY: U.S. WETLAND, POLICY AND POLITICS, Island Press, 2011 , Stetson University College of Law Research Paper No. 2011-08
Number of pages: 11 Posted: 04 May 2011 Last Revised: 22 Sep 2011
Royal C. Gardner
Stetson University - Institute for Biodiversity Law and Policy
Downloads 144 (273,081)

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Administrative Law, Clean Water Act, Wetland Migration Banking, In-Lieu Fee Mitigation, Dredge and Fill, Regulatory Takings, Army Corps of Engineers, Rapanos v. United States, No Net Loss, Watershed

13.

Taking the Principle of Just Compensation Abroad: Private Property Rights, National Sovereignty, and the Cost of Environmental Protection

University of Cincinnati Law Review, Vol. 65, p. 539, 1997
Number of pages: 55 Posted: 08 May 2008
Royal C. Gardner
Stetson University - Institute for Biodiversity Law and Policy
Downloads 144 (273,081)

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just compensation, private property rights, national sovereignty, cost of environmental protection, environmental protection, environmental regulation

14.

Bibliography of 2016 Scientific Publications on the Ramsar Convention or Ramsar Sites

Number of pages: 82 Posted: 07 Nov 2017
Erin Okuno, Royal C. Gardner, Miles Archabal, Kaitlyn Murphy and Jackson Willis
University of Miami School of Law, Stetson University - Institute for Biodiversity Law and Policy, Oramas & Associates, P.A., Stetson University - Institute for Biodiversity Law and Policy and Stetson University - Institute for Biodiversity Law and Policy
Downloads 118 (317,112)

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Ramsar Convention, wetlands, Ramsar Sites

15.

Invoking Private Property Rights for Environmental Purposes: The Takings Implications of Government-Authorized Aerial Pesticide Spraying

Stanford Environmental Law Journal, Vol. 18, p. 65, 1999
Number of pages: 42 Posted: 07 May 2008
Royal C. Gardner
Stetson University - Institute for Biodiversity Law and Policy
Downloads 64 (458,640)

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private property rights, takings, 5th Amendment's Takings Clause, government-authorized aerial pesticide spraying, medfly eradication, nusiance and necessity, public health and safety

16.

Exporting American Values: Tenth Amendment Principles and International Environmental Assistance

Harvard Environmental Law Review, Vol. 22, No. 1, 1998
Number of pages: 49 Posted: 07 May 2008
Royal C. Gardner
Stetson University - Institute for Biodiversity Law and Policy
Downloads 50 (513,788)

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Tenth Amendment Principles, international environmental assistance, Unfunded Mandates Reforms Act, stratospheric ozone depletion, climate change, loss of biological diversity, Montreal Protocol on Substances That Deplete the Ozone Layer,

17.

International Assistance, Sustainable Development and the War on Terrorism

32 Environmental Law Review 10681, 2002
Number of pages: 11 Posted: 01 May 2008
Royal C. Gardner
Stetson University - Institute for Biodiversity Law and Policy
Downloads 48 (522,719)

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international assistance, official development assistance, sustainable development, UNCED, World Summit on Sustainable Development

18.

In-Lieu Fee Mitigation: Review of Program Instruments and Implementation Across the Country

Number of pages: 169 Posted: 29 Jun 2020
Rebecca Kihslinger, Christina Libre, Kathryn Ma, Erin Okuno and Royal C. Gardner
Environmental Law Institute, Environmental Law Institute, Environmental Law Institute, University of Miami School of Law and Stetson University - Institute for Biodiversity Law and Policy
Downloads 27 (635,331)

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compensatory mitigation, Clean Water Act, wetlands, streams, in-lieu fee programs

19.

Advocating for Science: Amici Curiae Brief of Wetland and Water Scientists in Support of the Clean Water Rule

Wetlands (2019) 39:403–414
Number of pages: 12 Posted: 29 Jun 2020
Royal C. Gardner, Erin Okuno, Steph Tai, Carol A. Johnston, James Perry, Charles A. Simenstad, Tanner Benjamin Reed, R. Eugene Turner and Joy Zedler
Stetson University - Institute for Biodiversity Law and Policy, University of Miami School of Law, University of Wisconsin Law School, South Dakota State University, affiliation not provided to SSRN, University of Washington, affiliation not provided to SSRN, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge and University of Wisconsin - Madison
Downloads 22 (670,699)

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Clean Water Act, Waters of the United States, Wetlands, Navigable waters, Significant nexus, Regulation

20.

CWA In-Lieu Fee Mitigation: Project and Programmatic Risks

Environmental Law Reporter, Vol. 49, 2019
Number of pages: 9 Posted: 29 Jun 2020
Royal C. Gardner, Erin Okuno, Rebecca Kihslinger and Christina Libre
Stetson University - Institute for Biodiversity Law and Policy, University of Miami School of Law, Environmental Law Institute and Environmental Law Institute
Downloads 9 (777,005)

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compensatory mitigation, Clean Water Act, wetlands, streams, in-lieu fee programs