Earnings Management in the Context of Fair Value Accounting: Adjusting the Modified Jones Model to Fair Value Accounting
62 Pages Posted: 11 Feb 2013 Last revised: 3 May 2013
Date Written: May 2, 2013
Abstract
Since the late 1980s, the Financial Accounting Standards Board has implemented several new fair value accounting rules that have resulted in unrealized fair value gains or losses in net income. However, accrual-based earnings management models such as the Modified Jones Model (MJM) of Dechow, Sloan, and Sweeney (1995) and other accrual models in the literature do not consider the net income effects of fair value accounting. The fair value hierarchy of Statement of Financial Accounting Standard No. 157 implies that valuation of level 1 and level 2 instruments is subject to observable market inputs, whereas the valuation inputs of level 3 are unobservable. Therefore, with respect to earnings management, level 3 instruments are more likely to be manipulated relative to level 1 and level 2 instruments. In this paper, we adjust the MJM by adding level 1 and level 2 instruments as explanatory variables to nondiscretionary accruals; we classify net income effects of level 3 instruments as discretionary accruals in our Fair Value Adjusted Modified Jones Model (FVAMJM). We show that the FVAMJM is more powerful than the MJM in detecting earnings manipulation based on level 3 instruments and is equally good in detecting expense and revenue manipulations. In addition, the nondiscretionary accruals derived under FVAMJM have incremental explanatory power to firm market value beyond the accruals of the traditional MJM; the discretionary accruals derived under FVAMJM contribute to identifying companies meeting or beating earnings targets after controlling for MJM discretionary accruals.
Keywords: Earnings management, Fair value accounting, Modified Jones Model, Fair Value Adjusted Modified Jones Model
JEL Classification: M40, M41
Suggested Citation: Suggested Citation
Do you have a job opening that you would like to promote on SSRN?
Recommended Papers
-
Detecting Earnings Management: A New Approach
By Patricia Dechow, Amy P. Hutton, ...
-
A Review of the Earnings Management Literature and its Implications for Standard Setting
-
Errors in Estimating Accruals: Implications for Empirical Research
By Daniel W. Collins and Paul Hribar
-
The Economic Implications of Corporate Financial Reporting
By John R. Graham, Campbell R. Harvey, ...
-
The Economic Implications of Corporate Financial Reporting
By John R. Graham, Campbell R. Harvey, ...
-
On the Association between Voluntary Disclosure and Earnings Management
By Ron Kasznik
-
Performance Matched Discretionary Accrual Measures
By S.p. Kothari, Andrew J. Leone, ...
-
The Quality of Accruals and Earnings: The Role of Accrual Estimation Errors
By Ilia D. Dichev and Patricia Dechow